COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

ESTRUCTURA COMPARATIVA

(También se le llama incremento gradual)

Incremento Paralelo

Se utiliza cuando los cambios se dan al mismo tiempo

The older he gets, the happier he is

The more dangerous it is, the more I like it

The more you eat, the fatter you are

"LA BROMA INFINITA", "INFINITE JEST"

"Infinite Jest"

It is a 1996 novel written by David Foster Wallace. The lengthy and complex work takes place in a semi-satiric future version of North America, centering on a junior tennis academy and a nearby substance-abuse recovery center. The novel touches on many topics, including addiction and recovery, family relationships, entertainment and advertising, film theory, Quebec separatism and tennis. The novel famously includes 388 endnotes that cap almost a thousand pages of prose, which, together with its detailed fictional world, have led to its categorization as an encyclopedic novel. In 2005 it was included by Time magazine in its list of the 100 best English-language novels published since 1923.By 2006, 150,000 copies of Infinite Jest had been sold, and the book has continued to sell steadily and attract critical commentary.

"La broma infinita" 

Es una novela escrita durante tres años y publicada en 1996 por el autor estadounidense David Foster Wallace. Debido a su extensión (más de mil páginas, cientos de las cuales son notas al final) y a la diversidad de temas que cubre, se le puede clasificar simultáneamente en los géneros de sátira, novela posmoderna, novela existencialista, ciencia-ficción, tragicomedia, distopía, novela filosófica, novela política y novela psicológica. La narración utiliza, y a veces combina, las técnicas de monólogo interior, alternación de narradores y bibliografía ficticia. La broma infinita es considerada, por la revista Time, como una de las cien mejores novelas escritas en lengua inglesa.

DAY IN, DAY OUT

"DAY IN, DAY OUT"
 It's boring when you do the same thing dayin day out 
Significa "Todo el santo día"

GCSE

GCSE

General Certificate of Secondary Education

The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject, generally taken in a number of subjects by students aged 14-16 in secondary education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It was introduced in 1986 (with the first examinations taking place in 1988), replacing the former General Certificate of Education [GCE]O Level / CSE qualifications.One of the main changes was to allow students to complete coursework during their two years of study, which was marked by their teachers and contributed to their final examination grade.

PLURAL DE LOS SUSTANTIVOS EN INGLÉS

PLURAL DE LOS SUSTANTIVOS EN INGLÉS

Los plurales de los sustantivos en Inglés generalmente se forman agregando “S” al singular. Sin embargo, debemos tener en cuenta que existen algunas excepciones a la regla.

1. Cuando la palabra termina en “y” y delante tiene una consonante, debemos cambiar la “y” por “ie” y después agregar la “s”.
• Baby = babies.
• City = cities.

2. Si la palabra termina en vocal seguida de“y”, entonces sí podemos agregar la “s”, sin tener que cambiar la “y” por “ie”.
• Monkey = monkeys.
• Day = days.


3. Cuando la palabra termina en "s, ss, sh, ch, o x" tenemos que agregar “es” para formar el plural.                                        

• Match = matches.
• Box = Boxes.
• Class = clases.
• Buses = Buses.

4. Para la mayoría de los sustantivos que terminan en “f”, el plural se forma cambiando la “f” por “v” y agregando “es”al final.
• Wolf = wolves.
• Hoof = hooves.


5. Los sustantivos con plural irregular más comunes son:
• Man = men.
• Woman = women.
• Tooth = teeth.
• Foot = feet.
• Child = children.

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Presente Simple

Se utiliza para describir acciones que se realizan habitualmente con cierta frecuencia.

Verdades universales, es decir hechos que son ciertos siempre.

Cuando se hace referencia a hechos que se realizan todos los días

Con valor de futuro cuando la acción forma parte de un programa previsto.

Ejemplos

That fellow speaks English very well.

The earth goes round the sun.

She gets up at seven o’clock every day.

I leave by the 6.30 train to Glasgow tomorrow.

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO (CON S EN LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS HE-SHE-) + COMPLEMENTOS

El verbo lleva S en tercera persona de singular en Afirmativo

He always reads this newspaper.

Para interrogativo y negativo se utiliza el auxiliar DO (I, you, we, they) y DOES (he, she, it), Cuando se usa Does el verbo no lleva S.

They get up early on Monday

Do they get up early on Monday?

They do not get up early on Monday

        don’t

She drinks milk at breakfast.

Does she drink milk at breakfast?

She does not drink milk at breakfast.

       doesn’t

Palabras que suelen aparecer

ALWAYS

OFTEN

NEVER

SELDOM

CONTINUALLY

FREQUENTLY

GENERALLY

USUALLY

RARELY

REGULARY

SCARCELY

HARDLY EVER

HARDLY SCARCELY

DAILY

WEEKLY

EVERY DAY

EVERY MONTH

EVERY YEAR

QUATERLY

Presente Continuo o Progresivo

Se utiliza para describir acciones que se están realizando en este momento y son de duración limitada.

También se utiliza para expresar un futuro próximo generalmente acompañado de adverbios de tiempo.

Futuro previsto en un plan o programa.

Ejemplos

My friends are playing chess now.

I’m going to the cinema next Monday

He says he is coming to the office just now

I’m leaving by the 6.30 train to Glasgow tomorrow.

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO TO BE (IS ARE AM) + VERBO CON ING + COMPLEMENTOS

Palabras que aparecen habitualmente

NOW

JUST NOW

TODAY

AT PRESENT

Algunos verbos no se utilizan en presente continuo, se llaman verbos estáticos

like

love

want

know

understand

remember

depend

prefer

hate

need

mean

believe

forget

PRESENTE PERFECTO

Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente o tienen consecuencia en el presente.

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO TO HAVE + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Palabras que suelen aparecer

SINCE

FOR

ALREADY

YET

JUST

I have gone

I have been

Ejemplos

I haven’t seen John for four month

I have broken my leg

PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO

Este tiempo verbal se utiliza igual que el perfecto simple pero en situaciones y acciones mas temporales.

También para enfatizar que la acción no ha terminado.

I have read Don Quijote (I finished it)

I have been reading Don Quijote (I haven’t finished it)

PASADO SIMPLE

Se utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y se terminaron en el pasado.

Ejemplo

I did my homework two hours ago

When did they finish the proyect?

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO EN PASADO + COMPLEMENTOS

En interrogativo y negativo se utiliza el auxiliar DID y el verbo se escribe en infinitivo

Palabras que suelen aparecer

Ago

Yesterday

Last

When

PASADO CONTINUO

Se utiliza para describir acciones que estaban realizándose en el pasado. Normalmente se combina con pasado simple cuando la acción es interrumpida.

Ejemplo

While I was reading my mother arrived.

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO TO BE EN PASADO (WAS/WERE) + VERBO CON ING + COMPLEMENTOS.

Palabras que suelen aparecer

As

While

PASADO PERFECTO

Se utiliza para describir acciones que se realizaron en un pasado anterior al pasado simple.

Ejemplo

When we arrived the concert had already begun.

Estructura

SUJETO + HAD + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Palabras que suelen aparecer

By the time

Before

FUTURO SIMPLE CON WILL

Se utiliza para describir una acción que se realizará en el futuro pero que no es premeditada.

Normalmente nos referimos a acciones que surgen en el momento que estamos hablando.

The sun is shining. They will go to the beach

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WILL/SHALL + VERBO EN INFINITIVO SIN TO + COMPLEMENTOS

Para I y We se puede usar shall.

Will not = Won´t

Shall not = Shan´t

Un verbo en infinitivo jamás lleva S en terceras personas.

FUTURO CON GOING TO

Se utiliza para describir una acción programada en el futuro, se ha pensado de antemano.

También se utiliza para acciones que tienen una evidencia en el presente.

Peter has decided to organise a party. He is going to invite you.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE + GOING TO + VERBO EN INFINITIVO + COMPLEMENTOS

Sueles Encontrar en canciones o en slang (argot) gonna

Gonna = going to

FUTURO CONTINUO

Se utiliza para describir una acción futura que estará transcurriendo en un momento determinado en el futuro.

También indicando un orden normal, preestablecido de las cosas.

Probabilidad, deducción

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO+ WILL+ BE + VERBO CON ING+COMPLEMENTOS

Ejemplos

This time tomorrow I will be flying to London

You will be seing him this afternoon (as usual)

Mother will be expecting me and getting uneasy.

Suele parecer la frase “this time” (a esta hora, para esta hora,)

FUTURO PERFECTO

Se utiliza para describir una acción que habrá terminado en un futuro.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WILL + HAVE + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Ejemplos

I will have finished by ten o’clock

Suele aparecer la frase “by the time” (para cuando)

CONDICIONAL SIMPLE

Se utiliza para expresar una hipótesis.

Es el tiempo verbal usado en las frases de Segundo tipo de Condicional.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WOULD + VERBO EN INFINITIVO + COMPLEMENTO

Ejemplos

If I had a big house I would give several parties.

He wouldn’t kill anybody.

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO

Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para la formación de frases condicionales de Tercer Tipo.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WOULD + HAVE + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Ejemplos

If they had known the truth they would have cleaned the room.

He wouldn’t have bought that book if he had read the review

HAPPY

Happy Lyrics

from G I R L

"Happy" was written for the Despicable Me 2 soundtrack by Pharrell Williams.

 Pharrell came up with the idea for the lyrics by asking himself what being in a good mood truly feels like.

 .

Happy Lyrics

It might seem crazy what I'm about to saySunshine she's here, you can take away

I'm a hot air balloon, I could go to space
With the air, like I don't care baby by the way

Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do

Here come bad news talking this and that
Yeah, give me all you got, don't hold back
Yeah, well I should probably warn you I'll be just fine
Yeah, no offense to you don't waste your time
Here's why

Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do

Happy, bring me down
Can't nothing, bring me down
Love is too happy to bring me down
Can't nothing, bring me down
I said bring me down
Can't nothing, bring me down
Love is too happy to bring me down
Can't nothing, bring me down
I said

Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do

Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do

Happy, bring me down
Can't nothing, bring me down
Love is too happy to bring me down
Can't nothing, bring me down
I said

Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do

Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like a room without a roof
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you know what happiness is to you
Because I'm happy
Clap along if you feel like that's what you wanna do

HAPPY

HAPPY

THE THREE R'S

THE THREE R'S

The three Rs, a widely used abbreviation for the basic elements of a primary school curriculum: reading, ’riting (writing), and ’rithmetic (arithmetic)

The original phrase "the Three Rs" came from a previous speech made by Sir William Curtis in 1795.

From reading and writing comes the idea in modern education of literacy, by which we generally mean having the ability to understand ideas expressed through the medium of words. From reckoning and figuring comes the modern idea of numeracy which means being able to understand ideas expressed in the medium of mathematics. There is no single word, equivalent to.

WIN WIN

(NOS BENEFICIAMOS TODOS)

That benefits both or all parties, or that has two distinct benefits .
This is a win win situation (Una situación que todos nos beneficiamos)
Se benefician todas las partes
The internship requirement for graduation has proved to be a win-win venture; companies receive the benefit of creative students with cutting-edge technical skills, while the students gain real-world experience in their chosen profession