TIEMPOS VERBALES (INGLÉS)

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Presente Simple

 

Se utiliza para describir acciones que se realizan habitualmente con cierta frecuencia.

Verdades universales, es decir hechos que son ciertos siempre.

Cuando se hace referencia a hechos que se realizan todos los días

Con valor de futuro cuando la acción forma parte de un programa previsto.

 

Ejemplos

That fellow speaks English very well.

The earth goes round the sun.

She gets up at seven o’clock every day.

I leave by the 6.30 train to Glasgow tomorrow.

Estructura

 

SUJETO + VERBO (CON S EN LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS HE-SHE-) + COMPLEMENTOS

El verbo lleva S en tercera persona de singular en Afirmativo

He always reads this newspaper.

Para interrogativo y negativo se utiliza el auxiliar DO (I, you, we, they) y DOES (he, she, it), Cuando se usa Does el verbo no lleva S.

They get up early on Monday

Do they get up early on Monday?

They do not get up early on Monday

        don’t

She drinks milk at breakfast.

Does she drink milk at breakfast?

She does not drink milk at breakfast.

       doesn’t

Palabras que suelen aparecer

ALWAYS

OFTEN

NEVER

SELDOM

CONTINUALLY

FREQUENTLY

GENERALLY

USUALLY

RARELY

REGULARY

SCARCELY

HARDLY EVER

HARDLY SCARCELY

DAILY

WEEKLY

EVERY DAY

EVERY MONTH

EVERY YEAR

QUATERLY

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Presente Continuo o Progresivo

Se utiliza para describir acciones que se están realizando en este momento y son de duración limitada.

También se utiliza para expresar un futuro próximo generalmente acompañado de adverbios de tiempo.

Futuro previsto en un plan o programa.

Ejemplos

My friends are playing chess now.

I’m going to the cinema next Monday

He says he is coming to the office just now

I’m leaving by the 6.30 train to Glasgow tomorrow.

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO TO BE (IS ARE AM) + VERBO CON ING + COMPLEMENTOS

Palabras que aparecen habitualmente

NOW

JUST NOW

TODAY

AT PRESENT

Algunos verbos no se utilizan en presente continuo, se llaman verbos estáticos

like

love

want

know

understand

remember

depend

prefer

hate

need

mean

believe

forget

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PRESENTE PERFECTO

Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente o tienen consecuencia en el presente.

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO TO HAVE + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Palabras que suelen aparecer

SINCE

FOR

ALREADY

YET

JUST

I have gone

I have been

Ejemplos

I haven’t seen John for four month

I have broken my leg

PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO

Este tiempo verbal se utiliza igual que el perfecto simple pero en situaciones y acciones mas temporales.

También para enfatizar que la acción no ha terminado.

I have read Don Quijote (I finished it)

I have been reading Don Quijote (I haven’t finished it)

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PASADO SIMPLE

Se utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y se terminaron en el pasado.

Ejemplo

I did my homework two hours ago

When did they finish the proyect?

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO EN PASADO + COMPLEMENTOS

En interrogativo y negativo se utiliza el auxiliar DID y el verbo se escribe en infinitivo

Palabras que suelen aparecer

Ago

Yesterday

Last

When

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PASADO CONTINUO

Se utiliza para describir acciones que estaban realizándose en el pasado. Normalmente se combina con pasado simple cuando la acción es interrumpida.

Ejemplo

While I was reading my mother arrived.

Estructura

SUJETO + VERBO TO BE EN PASADO (WAS/WERE) + VERBO CON ING + COMPLEMENTOS.

Palabras que suelen aparecer

As

While

PASADO PERFECTO

Se utiliza para describir acciones que se realizaron en un pasado anterior al pasado simple.

Ejemplo

When we arrived the concert had already begun.

Estructura

SUJETO + HAD + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Palabras que suelen aparecer

By the time

Before

FUTURO SIMPLE CON WILL

Se utiliza para describir una acción que se realizará en el futuro pero que no es premeditada.

Normalmente nos referimos a acciones que surgen en el momento que estamos hablando.

The sun is shining. They will go to the beach

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WILL/SHALL + VERBO EN INFINITIVO SIN TO + COMPLEMENTOS

Para I y We se puede usar shall.

Will not = Won´t

Shall not = Shan´t

Un verbo en infinitivo jamás lleva S en terceras personas.

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FUTURO CON GOING TO

Se utiliza para describir una acción programada en el futuro, se ha pensado de antemano.

También se utiliza para acciones que tienen una evidencia en el presente.

Peter has decided to organise a party. He is going to invite you.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE + GOING TO + VERBO EN INFINITIVO + COMPLEMENTOS

Sueles Encontrar en canciones o en slang (argot) gonna

Gonna = going to

FUTURO CONTINUO

Se utiliza para describir una acción futura que estará transcurriendo en un momento determinado en el futuro.

También indicando un orden normal, preestablecido de las cosas.

Probabilidad, deducción

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO+ WILL+ BE + VERBO CON ING+COMPLEMENTOS

Ejemplos

This time tomorrow I will be flying to London

You will be seing him this afternoon (as usual)

Mother will be expecting me and getting uneasy.

Suele parecer la frase “this time” (a esta hora, para esta hora,)

FUTURO PERFECTO

Se utiliza para describir una acción que habrá terminado en un futuro.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WILL + HAVE + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Ejemplos

I will have finished by ten o’clock

Suele aparecer la frase “by the time” (para cuando)

CONDICIONAL SIMPLE

Se utiliza para expresar una hipótesis.

Es el tiempo verbal usado en las frases de Segundo tipo de Condicional.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WOULD + VERBO EN INFINITIVO + COMPLEMENTO

Ejemplos

If I had a big house I would give several parties.

He wouldn’t kill anybody.

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO

Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para la formación de frases condicionales de Tercer Tipo.

ESTRUCTURA

SUJETO + WOULD + HAVE + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTOS

Ejemplos

If they had known the truth they would have cleaned the room.

He wouldn’t have bought that book if he had read the review

 

NOTHING FOR FEAR, BUT FEAR ITSELF

NOTHING FOR FEAR, BUT FEAR ITSELF

This phrase was invented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.  It was one of his responses to the problems of the Great Depression.  He was trying to tell people that their fears were contributing to the bad outcomes that they feared -- sort of a vicious cycle.
As far as how this relates to the idea of fear, I suppose that the main thing it tells us is that fear feeds on itself.  Once we come to be afraid of something, we convince ourselves to be more and more afraid of that thing.

NOCHE MÁGICA DE SAN JUAN

MIDSUMMER'S EVE

MIDSUMMER'S EVE

MIDSUMMER'S EVE

The festival is primarily a Celtic fire festival, representing the middle of summer, and the shortening of the days on their gradual march to winter. Midsummer is traditionally celebrated on either the 23rd or 24th of June, although the longest day actually falls on the 21st of June. The importance of the day to our ancestors can be traced back many thousands of years, and many stone circles and other ancient monuments are aligned to the sunrise on Midsummer's Day. Probably the most famous alignment is that at Stonehenge, where the sun rises over the heel stone, framed by the giant trilithons on Midsummer morning.

In antiquity midsummer fires were lit in high places all over the countryside, and in some areas of Scotland Midsummer fires were still being lit well into the 18th century. This was especially true in rural areas, where the weight of reformation thinking had not been thoroughly assimilated. It was a time when the domestic beasts of the land were blessed with fire, generally by walking them around the fire in a sun-wise direction. It was also customary for people to jump high through the fires, folklore suggesting that the height reached by the most athletic jumper, would be the height of that years harvest.

THE SUMMER SOLSTICE

The Summer Solstice

The summer solstice heralds the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere. The timing of the summer solstice depends on when the Sun reaches its northernmost point of the equator.

In 2015, the summer begins with the solstice on June 21 at 12:38 P.M. EDT.

The word solstice is from the Latin solstitium, from sol (sun) and stitium (to stop), reflecting the fact that the Sun appears to stop at this time (and again at the winter solstice).

In temperate regions, we notice that the Sun is higher in the sky throughout the day, and its rays strike Earth at a more direct angle, causing the efficient warming we call summer.

This summer solstice is the day with the most hours of sunlight during the whole year.

WATERLOO

WATERLOO

Waterloo is a municipality in the province of Wallon Brabant, Belgium. It is north of Braine-l'Alleud, which is the site of the Battle of Waterloo, where resurgent Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815. Waterloo is a multilingual town; the commune offers services in French, Dutch, and English.



MUSEO DE LAS PALABRAS

MUSEO DE LAS PALABRAS

l Museo de la Palabra se articula como la principal herramienta y patrimonio de la Fundación César Egido Serrano para el logro de sus fines, una fundación privada sin ánimo de lucro, de carácter cultural, no confesional, y absolutamente independiente, que no solicita ni recibe subvenciones ni ayudas de ninguna Institución Pública o Privada. Se financia con sus propios recursos.
El Museo de la Palabra apoya y fomenta el diálogo entre las distintas culturas, ideas, religiones y sensibilidades. El resultado y la existencia de este diálogo son en sí una pieza museística, y lo configuran como un lugar de encuentro, el único museo virtual del mundo en el que no se expone nada, y que pervive en la red, realizando y trasladando sus actividades culturales desde esa plataforma, a todo el mundo.
Como herramienta de la Fundación Cesar Egido Serrano, permite mediante el desarrollo de actividades, cuyo protagonista sea la palabra (hablada, escrita o en sus distintas manifestaciones), fomentar el entendimiento entre los distintos pueblos, ideologías, religiones y culturas.
El Museo de la Palabra, una Casa-Palacio en el corazón de la ruta cervantina, centro neurálgico de actividad cultural, un lugar apto para el estudio, el intercambio y el encuentro, emblema de la Fundación César Egido Serrano.
Cuyo principal objetivo, es poner en valor, un concepto básico: “La palabra es el vínculo entre los pue

http://www.museodelapalabra.com/es/museo/definicion

PRIMARY SCHOOL IN UK

Primary School in UK

 The primary stage covers three age ranges: nursery (under 5), infant (5 to 7 or 8)

(Key Stage 1) and junior (up to 11 or 12) (Key Stage 2) but in Scotland and Northern

Ireland there is generally no distinction between infant and junior schools. In Wales,

although the types of school are the same, the Foundation Phase has brought

together what was previously known as the Early Years (from 3 to 5-year-olds) and

Key Stage 1 (from 5 to 7-year-olds) of the National Curriculum to create one phase of

education for children aged between three and seven. In England, primary schools

generally cater for 4-11 year olds. Some primary schools may have a nursery or a

children’s centre attached to cater for younger children. Most public sector primary

schools take both boys and girls in mixed classes. It is usual to transfer straight to

secondary school at age 11 (in England, Wales and Northern Ireland) or 12 (in

Scotland), but in England some children make the transition via middle schools

catering for various age ranges between 8 and 14. Depending on their individual age

ranges middle schools are classified as either primary or secondary.

The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy and numeracy

amongst all pupils, as well as establishing foundations in science, mathematics and

other subjects. Children in England and Northern Ireland are assessed at the end of

Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2. In Wales, all learners in their final year of Foundation

Phase and Key Stage 2 must be assessed through teacher assessments.

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD COMPOSITION

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD COMPOSITION

-List all your ideas

-Think about the content of the text you will write

-Check if everything is relevant

-Use paragraphs: Introduction (an interesting and original opening paragraph)

                            Main contents

                            Conclusión

-Check if the text is the right style 

-Check if the information is presented in a clear, coherent and logical order

-Use variety of sentences types

-Link ideas with suitable connectors

-Avoid contractions

-Check if the spelling, grammar and punctuation are correct

-Check the layout (presentación y distribución del texto en la hoja)



FLASHMOB

FLASHMOB

Es un acto multitudinario organizado en lugares públicos sin previo aviso. Se suele organizar para celebrar algo, o para dar a conocer algún evento.

 

JAM AND MARMALADE

MARMALADE  AND JAM

JAM, it is always made from the whole or cut fruits cooked to pulp with sugar

MARMALADE, it is similar to jam but only made from bitter oranges.

FAIRY TALES

FAIRY TALES

"Fairy Tales", son los cuentos infantiles, también llamados "Cuentos de Hadas"

Aquí van algunos:

Goldilocks: "Risitos de Oro"

Cinderella: "Cenicienta"

Little red  riding hood: "Caperucita Roja"

Snow White and the seven dwarf : "Blancanieves y los siete enanitos"

TO BE USED TO

TO BE USED TO

BE USED TO AND GET USED TO
 

ACOSTUMBRARSE

Be/get used to something

En español no es necesario especificar a lo que estás acostumbrado o acostumbrándote.  Se puede decir, por ejemplo:

Estoy acostumbrado.
Se acostumbró rápido.

En inglés hay que decir a lo que estás acostumbrado o acostumbrándote aunque sea sólo “to it”, por ejemplo:

I’m used to it.
He got used to it quickly.

 

Ejemplos:

Be used to

No estoy acostumbrado a comer carne.
I’m not used to eating meat.

¿Estás acostumbrado a vivir en una ciudad grande?
Are you used to living in a big city?

John no estaba acostumbrado a viajar.
John wasn’t used to travelling.

Get used to

Sofía aún necesita acostumbrarse a su nuevo jefe.
Sofía still needs to get used to her new boss.

Se están acostumbrando a vivir en una ciudad grande.
They’re getting used to living in a big city.

¿Cuánto tiempo tardasteis en acostumbraros a vivir en Londres?
How long did it take you to get used to living in London?

Be used to & Get used to

No estamos acostumbrados a la vida en Londres pero estoy seguro de que nos acostumbraremos dentro de poco.
We aren’t used to life in London but I‘m sure we’ll get used to it before long.



EVERY LAW HAS A LOOPHOLE

"EVERY LAW HAS A LOOPHOLE"

Este idiom significa "Hecha la ley, hecha la trampa". Significa que siempre hay vacíos legales y gracias a ellos se pueden beneficiar algunos delincuentes.

VINCENT VAN GOGH SUNFLOWERS

VINCENT VAN GOGH SUNFLOWERS

For nearly a century, Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh has been among the paintings most loved by the British public. According to Martin Bailey in his excellent book on the subject, The Sunflowers are Mine, the patch of floor in front of it “gets more scuffed” than that in front of any other work in the National Gallery, and its postcard outsells all others in the bookshop. Mrs Thatcher, displaying more enthusiasm than botanical precision on a visit to the museum, demanded to be shown “Van Gogh’s Chrysanthemums”, (and no curator dared correct her).
From today, there will be even more visitors’ feet on that much-used area of flooring, because the National Gallery’s Sunflowers is going to be reunited with another version of the same composition painted by Van Gogh a few months later, in what promises to be a remarkable exercise in artistic compare and contrast.
For, although the National Gallery’s picture is, in general estimation, the most important, daring and beautiful of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers it is by no means the only one. The artist, who lived from 1853 to 1890, tackled the theme on numerous occasions.
The flower that turns its bloom towards the sun has a long history as a symbol – of the Christian soul, among other things. In Britain, the sunflower motif was so popular with architects and designers of the Aesthetic movement that it was carved in stone and cast in metalwork that can still be seen across the city today. Before he became an artist, Van Gogh would have seen the emblem frequently during his early years in 1870s Britain, where he worked (unsuccessfully) as an art dealer, junior prep school master and lay preacher.

BORGES AND ESTELA CANTO

BORGES AND ESTELA CANTO

 Estela Canto and Jorge Luis Borges met in 1944. Estela was an intelligent, educated, beautiful and disturbing woman. She worked as a radio broadcaster, as an English translator and wanted to become a writer. Borges was shy, very attached to his mom and the employee of a modest Public Library. He was still unknown to the public. They began a very special relationship. A liberated woman, precursor of feminism and a timid man who asked his mom permission to go out and invite Estela to go for walks in San Telmo or Parque Lezama where they reflected upon life. They experienced amorous episodes, doubts, questioning of their friends, intrigues, pain. They mixed with the artists and poets of that time. They fell in love or at least Borges did. Meanwhile his mom and sister opposed this relationship. The relationship lasted five years till Estela abandoned Borges. Borges became a wreck and it took him a long time to overcome the break-up. All alone, he dedicated himself to writing and giving lectures.

EUROVISION HISTORY

EUROVISION HISTORY

At the beginning of the television age in the early 1950’s, the European television landscape offered the image of a political divided and technical fragmented continent. Despite this sober picture of the European television landscape, some rays of hope have risen up to the European television sky in the early 1950’s.

Under these rays of hope, the light of one star has shone very promising: the star of “Eurovision”. The Eurovision emblem is designed in 1954 by Timothy O'Brien (BBC).

At the end of January 1955, Marcel Bezençon (president of the EBU Programme Committee), meeting in Monte Carlo, approved a project for further study: "European song contest" The competition was based upon the existing Sanremo Music Festival, held in Italy, and was seen also as a technological experiment in live television: in those days, it was a very ambitious project to join many countries together in a wide-area international network

Meeting in the Palazzo Corsini in Rome on 19 October 1955 (chaired by Sir Ian Jacob, director general of the BBC) the EBU General Assembly agreed to the organizing of a European Grand Prix to be held in Lugano in the spring of 1956.

The name "Eurovision" was first mentioned in relation to the EBU's network in the London Evening Standard from the 5th of November 1951. Written by the British journalist George Campey, he dubbed the Contest "Eurovision Grand Prix". The "Grand Prix" name was adopted by the Francophone countries, where the Contest became known as "Le Grand-Prix Eurovision de la Chanson Européenne". The "Grand Prix" has since been dropped and replaced with "Concours" (contest).

The Eurovision Network is used to carry many news and sports programmes internationally, among other specialised events organised by the EBU. However, the Song Contest is by far the most high profile of these programmes, and has long since become synonymous with the name "Eurovision".



SELL-BY DATE

SELL-BY DATE

It's the latest date the manufactures recommend we should buy food.

STONEHENGE

STONEHENGE

The monument stands on a small mound in a vast plain of the Wiltshire countryside, not far from Salisbury. As you approach by road, the stones suddenly come into view far off in the distance. You can't help but feel excitement, awe, and perhaps a little fear. The sheer scale of the stones shocks you, despite the fact you've probably seen them in hundreds of pictures.

Stonehenge is made up of 2 concentric stone circles encircled by a deep trench in the earth. We think construction happened in stages spanning 1,600 years. The stones include Bluestone, Sarson and Welsh Sandstone, which travelled over 240 miles to reach Wiltshire. The heaviest stones weigh 50 tonnes - it would have taken 600 men to move just one!
We still don't know what its original purpose was. Some say it was a temple to worship the gods, while others describe it as an astronomical observatory, or prehistoric calendar, because of the way it aligns with the sun and moon. There are many theories, but one thing is certain; Stonehenge has endured millennia, and no matter what your beliefs, you'll feel there's something sacred about it.