EXPRESIONES CONDICIONALES

Expresiones Condicionales

Unless, As long as, Provided, In case, Even if

Sara won’t go unless he goes with her.

(Sara no irá a menos que el vaya con ella)

We would offer a discount as long as they accepted the delivery dates

(Ofreceríamos un descuento siempre que acepten las fechas de entrega)

We could change the design provided they paid the extra cost

(Podríamos cambiar el diseño siempre que ellos paguen el coste extra)

I would take an umbrella in case it rained

(Yo me llevaría un paraguas, por si lloviera)

He wouldn’t stop working even if he retired

(Él no dejaría de trabajar aunque lo jubilaran)

A PENNY SAVED IS A PENNY EARNED

A PENNY SAVED IS A PENNY EARNED

Significa ahorrar poco a poco.

También se puede traducir como "Muchos pocos hacen un mucho"

ADJETIVOS GRADUABLES Y NO GRADUABLES

Los adjetivos graduables y no graduables

En general los adjetivos en inglés son graduables, esto quiere decir que que tienen una escala de intensión. Los adjetivos beautiful y difficult son graduables porque hay diferentes grados de belleza o de dificultad. Los adjetivos graduables se pueden combinar con adverbios de grado como pretty, rather, fairly, very, amazingly, terribly, incredibly:

She’s very beautiful.

This exercise is rather difficult.

Sin embargo hay adjetivos que no se pueden graduar porque hacen referencia a nociones “extremas” . Estos adjetivos son amazing, brilliant, awful, incredible, perfect, exhausted, etc. Este tipo de adjetivos se combinan con una serie de adverbios que intensifican, sin graduar, su significado como por ejemplo, totally, completely, absolutely, utterly.

His new book is absolutely incredible.

I was totally exhausted after having trekked for 5 hours non stop.

Excepciones

• El adverbio really se puede utilizar tanto con los adjetivos graduables como con los no graduables.

This film is really interesting.

The decoration of the hall was really amazing.

• El adverbio quite se puede utilizar con los dos tipos de adjetivos, pero tendrá un significado diferente en cada caso.
• Con los adjetivos graduables, quite significa “rather”, mientras que con los adjetivos no graduables significa “completely”.

He was quite impressed with his speech.

His speech was quite incredible.

DIFERENCIA BE GOING TO Y PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Y BE GOING TO

(FUTURO)

La diferencia entre el"Present Continuous" y be+going to+ verbo en infinitivoen su uso futuro y la fórmula"be+going to+ verbo en infinitivo"es mínima, y en realidad al hablar casi no se diferencia.

Pero claro a la hora de hacer un examen necesitamos saber esa diferencia.

Podemos decir que:

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Se utiliza para indicar acciones que se han arreglado de antemano y de forma personal. Normalmente está agendado (arranged)

I am visiting my aunt tomorrow morning

Voy a visitar a mi tía mañana por la mañana.

BE GOING TO

Se usa para describir acciones que se han planificado o para hablar de un futuro con evidencia de futuro.

The sky is dark, it is going to rain soon

El cielo está oscuro, pronto va a llover

Adverbs of frecuency

AICLE

AICLE

Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras. 

"AICLE” El Aprendizaje Integrado de Lenguas Extranjeras hace referencia a las situaciones en las que las materias o parte de las materias se enseñan a través de una lengua extranjera con un objetivo doble, el aprendizaje de contenidos y el aprendizaje simultaneo de una lengua extranjera.
Implica estudiar asignaturas como ciencias sociales o las ciencias naturales en una lengua distinta de la propia. AICLE resulta muy beneficioso tanto para el aprendizaje de otras lenguas como para las asignaturas impartidas en dichas lenguas.

CLIL

CLIL

CLIL refers to situations where subjects, or parts of subjects, are taught through a foreign language with dual-focussed aims, namely the learning of content, and the simultaneous learning of a foreign language'.

This approach involves learning subjects such as history, geography or others, through an additional language. It can be very successful in enhancing the learning of languages and other subjects, and developing in the youngsters a positive ‘can do’ attitude towards themselves as language learners.

CLIL = CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING

PASSIVE WITH REPORTING VERBS

PASSIVE WITH REPORTING VERBS

The passive is used with reporting verbs to talk about what is generally thought or said.

The construction is formed:

the passive reporting verb + to + infinitive or perfect infinitive

Crime is thought to be linked to poverty.

Robin Hood is said to have robbed only the rich.

Other reporting verbs include:

believe

claim

consider

expect

know

prove

suppose

DIFFERENCES AMONG, USED TO, GET USED TO AND BE USED TO

DIFFERENCES AMONG, USED TO, GET USED TO AND BE USED TO

USED TO

Se utiliza para indicar una acción que era un hábito en el pasado.

-She used to play the piano when she was 12.

La estructura es:

sujeto+used to+verbo en infinitivo

Para expresarlo en interrogativo y negativo se utiliza el auxiliar DID

GET USED TO

Esta expresión se utiliza para decir que alguien está en proceso de acostumbrarse a algo, a hacer algo.

-He will get used to working on her own.

La estructura es:

sujeto+get to+verbo en gerundio

En este caso se puede utilizar en cualquier tiempo verbal

BE USED TO

Se utiliza para expresar que algo que era desconocido ahora es familiar.

I was not used to driving on the left but now I am used to it.

La estructura es :

sujeto+verbo to be+used to+verbo en gerundio

TO TOP IT ALL

TO TOP IT ALL

Esta expresión se traduce como "para colmo".

We failed the exam and to top it all we are not going to have a chance till next  May.

BRIC A BRAC

BRIC-A-BRAC

Este término se refiere a aquellas cosas suceptibles de coleccionar. Se puede traducir como baratijas, cositas.

It's hard to find something in my granny's house, it's filled with bric a brac.

TAKE THE COLD

TAKE THE COLD

I live in Alaska because I take the cold

Esta frase se utiliza para indicar que soportamos o aguantamos algo.

En este caso "yo aguanto o soporto el frío"

BREXIT

BREXIT

Esta palabra hace referencia a la salida del Reino Unido de la Unión Europea.

Se forma a partir de la frase British Exit 

LEGOLAND

LEGOLAND

On 7 June 1968, the first LEGOLAND Park was opened in Billund. This theme park featured elaborate models of miniature towns built entirely from Lego bricks. The three acre (12,000 m²) park attracted 625,000 visitors in its first year alone. During the next 20 years, the park grew to more than eight times its original size, and eventually averaged close to a million paying visitors per year. More than eighteen million Lego sets were sold in 1968.
In 1969, the duplo system went on sale. Duplo bricks are much larger than Lego bricks, making them safer for young children, but the two systems are compatible: Lego bricks can be fitted neatly onto Duplo bricks, enabling the transition to the Lego system to be easily made as children outgrow their Duplo bricks. The name Duplo comes from the Latin word duplus, which translates literally as double, meaning that a Duplo brick is exactly twice the dimension of a Lego building brick (2× height by 2× width by 2× depth = 8× the volume of a brick).

TIT FOR TAT

TIT FOR TAT

Esta expresión se utiliza para indicar que algo está hecho a medida para alguien.
La traducción es "tal para cual".
Existen otras que significan lo mismo:

TWO OF A  KIND
BIRDS OF A FEATHER
CHIP OF THE OLD BLOCK

They are two of a kind.
They are tit for tat.
They are two of a kind.

LEGO

LEGO 

'LEGO' is an abbreviation of the two Danish words "leg godt", meaning "play well". It’s the firm name and it’s its ideal.
LEGO Group was founded in 1932 by Ole Kirk Kristiansen. The company has passed from father to son and is now owned by Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen, a grandchild of the founder.
It has come a long way over the past almost 80 years - from a small carpenter’s workshop to a modern, global enterprise that is now one of the world’s largest manufacturer of toys.
The LEGO brick is the most important product. This is why they are proud to have been named twice – “Toy of the Century”. The products have undergone extensive development over the years – but the foundation remains the traditional LEGO brick.
The brick in its present form was launched in 1958. The interlocking principle with its tubes makes it unique, and offers unlimited building possibilities. It's just a matter of getting the imagination going – and letting a wealth of creative ideas emerge through play.

THE NIGHT OF MUSEUMS

The Long Night of Museums (or the Night of Museums) is a cultural event in which museums and cultural institutions in an area cooperate to remain open late into the night to introduce themselves to new potential patrons. Visitors are given a common entrance pass which grants them access to all exhibits as well as complimentary public transportation within the area.
The first Long Night of Museums (German: Lange Nacht der Museen) took place in Berlin in 1997. The concept has been very well received, and since then the number of participating institutions and exhibitions has risen dramatically, spreading to over 120 other cities throughout Europe, as well as elsewhere, in Argentina and the Philippines.

POSITION OF ADJECTIVES

POSITION OF ADJECTIVES

Most of adjectives are always before the noun.

Some of them are written after some verbs, such as:

to be

to make

to become

to feel

to smell

to taste

to appear

to seem

to sound

But the usual position of adjectives is the following:

General judgement (good, bad, interesting, nice...)

Measurement (big, smal....)

Shape (round, square....)

Age (old, young)

Colour

Design

Origin

Nationality

Material

Purpose

Examples

An expensive brown leather bag.

A delicious Spanish ham.

Her hair is long, straight and fair

TAILORED TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS

TAILORED TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS

Esta frase es muy común que aparezca en los anuncios generalmente ofreciendo clases.

Por ejemplo:

One to one lessons. Tailored to suit your needs or tastes. 

Se puede traducir como clases a medida. 

DOCTOR MARTEN'S BOOTS

Dr. Martens were originally a modest work-wear boot that was even sold as a gardening shoe at one stage. So, how did this utilitarian boot transform into one of the most culturally relevant brands of the modern era? It is an interesting and unique story...

Klaus Märtens was a doctor in the German army during World War. While on leave in 1945, he injured his ankle while skiing in the Babarian Alps. He found that his standard-issue army boots were too uncomfortable on his injured foot. While recuperating, he designed improvements to the boots, with soft leather and air-padded soles made of tires. When the war ended and some Germans recovered valuables from their own cities, Märtens took leather from a cobbler's shop. With that leather he made himself a pair of boots with air-cushioned soles.